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fgia,d ks¾udKh lrmq úÿ,s n,d.dr
Bðma;=fõ jir oyilg l,ska ks¾udKh lr,d
.Sidys mj;sk uyd msróvh biair ldf,a yomq Yla;s ckkh lrk hka;%j,g fyd|u WodyrKhla' fgia,df.a n,d.drh úÈygu l%shd lrk fïl yo,d ;sfhkafka óg wjqreÿ oyia .Kklg WvÈ' mD:súfha iajNdúl Yla;s iïm;a yd fN!;sl ,laIK mdúÉÑ lr,d b;d úYd, Yla;s m%udKhla W;amdokh lrkakg fuu mqÿudldr ks¾udKh iu;a fj,d ;shkjd' ±ka úYajdi lrkafka wdÈ ld,sk Bðma;=jreka yd udhdjreka we;=¿ tjlg f,dj mqrd me;sÍ ;snQ wfkl=;a ÈhqKq YsIagdpdrhka fï uyd Yla;sh jir oyila muK ld,hla mqrdjg Ndú; lrkakg we;s njhs' flfia fj;;a f.dvla m%isoaO Odrdfõ úoHd{hska kï lshkafka yeuodu jf.a fï l;d fiaru fndre lsh,hs'
wo wms ÈhqKq hhs úYajdi lr f.k ta fldaKfhka ;uhs w;S;h Èyd n,kafk' ta;a wfma uyka;;aj lu wu;l lr,d w;S; f,dalh Èyd fyd|g weia wer,d ne¨fjd;a f;afrhs wms wo .fõIKh lrk f,dalh mqrdu me;sÍ ;snqKq fndfyduhla w;S; YsIagdpdrj, we;a;gu b;du ÈhqKq" Wiia ;dlaIKhla ;snqKq ñksiqka jdih lr,d ;sfhk nj' fï ±kqï iïNdrh Tjqka i;=j ;snqfKa m%Odk Odrdj lshd.kak kQ;k úoHd{hska tajd fydhd.kak l,ska lsh,;a wu;l lrkak tmd'
wo wfma orejka mdi,a j,ska bf.k .kak b;sydih" ta .ek ,shjqkq fmd;a m;a" fï yeu foalskau W;aidy orkafka wfma f,dalh b;d fkdÈhqKq jkpdß hq.hl isg l%u l%ufhka ÈhqKq fj,d weú;a wo ;sfhk ;dlaIKsl hq.h hhs lshk ;;ajh lrd meñKSu taldldÍj isoaO jqkd lshk l;dj nf,ka wfma msg mgj,d mru i;H talhs lsh, Tmamq lrkak m%Odk Odrdfõ nqoaêu;a;= ork W;aidyfhau m%;sM, nj fyd|g fmakjd' fldfydu Wk;a ta jf.a .;dkq.;sl úÈygu ú;rla ys;kak mqreÿ fkdjqKq fndfyda mÍlaIlhka fmkakqï lrk wdldrhg ta l;dj wuq,sl fndrejla' Tjqkaf.a woyi w;S;fha YsIagdpdrhka fndfyduhla wm is;d f.k bkakjdg jvd b;d ÈhqKq" ±kqï iïNdrhla mej;s m%foaY njhs'
f,dalh mqrd me;sÍ we;s mqrd;k YsIagdpdrhkaf.a ft;sydisl idlaIs Èyd n,k fldg" m%Odk Odrdj lshd.kak lÜáh wms u; nf,ka mgjk l;dkaorh .ek nrm;< ielhla u;= lrk ;eka fndfyduhla olskak ,efnkjd'
w;S;fha Bðma;=j" iqfïßhdj" W;=re" ol=Kq yd uOHu weußldj mqrd fujka Wiia ;dlaIKhlg ysñlï lS YsIagdpdr mej;=kd' úoHq;h" úoHq;a ridhkh" úoHq;a pqïNl;ajh" f,day l¾udka;h" bxðfkare úoHdj" c,-N+f.da, úoHdj" ridhk úoHdj" fN!;sl úoHdj" .Ks;h yd ;drld úoHdj jeks kQ;kfha fndfyda fofkla ixlS¾K úoHdjka lshd i,lk ±kqï moaO;Ska fudjqka jir oyia .Kklg fmr Ndú;hg .;a njg idlaIs wmuKhs'
fndfyda m¾fhaIKfõ§ka ms<s.kak lreKla ;uhs mqrd;k hq.fha§ mdrdfjda fm<m; úiska úÿ,sh yd úoHq;h nyq, f,i m%fhdackhg .;a nj" ne.aveâys negßh tjka ixlS¾K ;dlaIKsl yelshdjkag lÈu ksoiqkla' yeuodu jf.a b;ska m%Odk Odrdfõ lÜáh fïl;a ms<s.kafk kE' ta;a w;S;h .ek mßiaiñka úmrï lr,d n,k fldg yuq fjk mqrdK Bðma;=jreka ;nd .sh idlaIs j,ska fïjd we;a; nj blaukska u fy<s fjkjd' msróv iy fjk;a w;s úYd, f.dvke.s,s rd;%S ld,h mqrdjg;a fkdlvjd ;ekSfï lghq;= lsÍug by, ;dlaIKfha úÿ,s wdf,dalk moaO;s Ndú; lrmq nj wmg fmkS hkjd'
mqrdK Bðma;=fõ ñksiaiq úÿ,sh yiqrej, wdf,dalh .;a nj ms<s.kak m%Odk Odrdfõ wh fldhs ;rï úreoaO jqk;a" tal ;yjqre lrkak idlaIs ´kE ;rï fydhd .kak mq¿jka' b;d meyeÈ,sj iqrlaIs;j we;s leghï j, olskakg ,efnkjd msrñv f.dv k.k ñksiqkaf.a w;a j, fgdaÉ jf.a wdf,dalh úysÿjk WmlrK we;s nj' iuyre lshkjd fïjd .sks mkaoï lsh," ta;a fmdf<djg iudka;rj wdf,dal Odrdjla mkaoulska úysfokafka ke;s nj ´kEu flfkl=g f;afrkjfka@ fïjd ta ksid wksjd¾hfhkau úÿ,sh ms<sn| fyd| ±kqulska ks¾ñ;" /yeka rys;j negß n,fhka l%shd;aul jqkq fgdaÉ nj fndfyda fokdf.a u;hhs' kQ;k f,dalh úÿ,sh 1700 .Kka j, fydhd .;a;g fuhd, fgdaÉ mdúÉÑ lr,d ;sfhkafka Bg wjqreÿ oyia .dklg biair'
ta jf.au Bðma;=j i;=j ;snQ úÿ,sh ms<sn| ±kqug tlu idlaIsh fï mqÿudldr fgdaÉ tl ú;rla fkfjhs' wef,laiekav%shdfõ idok ,o f,dj m%:u m%§md.drh wdf,dalu;a lsÍu i|yd fhdod .;af;;a úoHq;a pdm mykla' ^±ka Th wdla ,Eïma lshkafk& ta;a b;ska iuyre ys;d f.k bkafk ´l m;a;= lf,a or od, lsh,' we;a;gu isoaO jqfKa rc;=udg ;ukaf.a ud,s.fha b|kau m%§md.drh l%shd;aul lrkak mq¿jka úÈyg wjqreÿ oyia .dklg fmr ks¾udKh lrmq úoHq;a pdm myklska t,sh ,nd ÿkakq tl' ta jf.au ta ;rï úÿ,shla ,nd fokak mq¿jka ;rï wê n,e;s úÿ,s ckl Tjqka i;= ù ;sîu;a Tjqkaf.a úÿ,s ±kqu ms,sn| fyd| iy;slhla'
fï ksidu ;uhs újD; ukila we;s mÍlaIlhka fndfyduhla fï jk ;=re ks¾ñ; fya;=j meyeÈ,s lr .; fkdyels jQ .Sid ys uyd msróvh b;d wE; w;S;fha§ Bðma;=j mqrd mej;s úúOdldrfha úÿ,s WmlrK l%shd;aul lrjkak Ndú; lrmq iqúYd, úÿ,s ckl hka;%hla jkakg we;s njg u; m, lr,d ;sfhkafk' .Sid ys uyd msróvh hkq w;S; ñksiqkaf.a bxðfkare yelshdjkaf.a;a" .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha ksmqK;ajfha;a" f.dvke.s,s l¾udka;fha;a uyd¾> nj fmkajkak lÈu ksoiqkla' ^we;eï úg fyd|u ksoiqk jkakg;a mq¿jka&
l,skq;a lsõjd jf.a m%Odk Odrdfõ lÜáh fïl;a úYajdi lrkafka kï keye' kuq;a .Sid ys uyd msróvh fkdñ,fha" /yeka rys;j" úYd, úÿ,s n,hla ksmojkak ks¾udKh lrmq úÿ,s ckl hka;%hla nj ie,lSfuka msróvfha ydialï .ek lshfjk mqrd;k lg l;d" mqrdjD; fndfyduhla jf.au b;d wdikak khs,a ksïkh wdY%s;j f.dv ke.=kq ÈhqKq YsIagdpdrh" tys mej;s ixlS¾K n,Yla;s wjYH;d imqrd .;a wdldrh jeks fndfyduhla lreKq b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lr .kak mq¿jka'
fuhg ;j;a idlaIshla ;uhs w;S;fha § .Sid msróvfha u;=msg ia:rh zgqmdZ keue;s b;d Yla;su;a lsß .re~ úfYaIh u.ska lsisÿ ysveila we;s fkdjk f,i uq¿ukskau wdjrKh lr ;sîu' idudkH lsß .re~ j, wvx.= jk ue.akSishï ,jK lsisjla fuu ia:rh ;=, wvx.= ke;s ksid meyeÈ,sju fmkS hkafk fuh úYd, uykaishla fhdod msßisÿ fldg mQ¾K úÿ,s mßjdrlhla f,i ys;d u;du ilia lr we;s njhs' fï mßmQ¾K mßjdrl ia:rh ksid mqrdK Bðma;= bxðfkarejrekag tu.ska W;amdokh jQ úÿ,s iïNdrh jvd myiqfjka md,kh lr .kakg yels jQ nj jgyd .; yelshs'
óg wu;rj u;=msg ia:rhg we;=,;ska msysá ì;a;s yeu tllau ;j;a j¾.hl lsß .re~ j¾.hlska yomq .,a l=Üá wdY%fhka ;uhs ks¾udKh lr,d ;sfhkafka' fuu .,a l=Üá iajNdúl tajd fkfjhs' tajdfha ixhq;sh mßlaId lr,d ne¨ju fmkS .sh fohla ;uhs tajdfha f,day fldgia yd iaMál wvx.= jk nj' b;du fyd¢ka úoHq;h f.k hkak jvd;au .e,fmk l%uhlghs fïjd weisß,d ;sfhkafka' fï ta i|ydu úfYaIfhka yomq .,a l=Üá úfYaIhla' ta jf.au msróvfha fld÷ kdráh jf.a ;sfhk uOH lkqj mjd yo, ;sfhkafka iaj,am jYfhka úlsrKYS,s l¿ .,a úfYaIhlska' fuh fhdod .kak we;af;a whkslD; jd;h Ndú;d lr,d mßjdrlhla f,i l%shd lrkak njg u; m, fj,d ;sfhkjd' jd;h u.ska mßjrKh lsÍu kQ;k ;ka;= j, mjd olskakg mq¿jka' fï ;rï uykais fj,d msróvhla yokak lsisu fya;=jla ke;sj mq¿jkao lsh, Tnu ys;,d n,kak'
fmfkkak ;sfhk úÈyg .Sid ys msróvh úÿ,s n,d.drhla f,i l%shd lrkak ;sfhk tlu wvq mdvqj Yla;sh ckkh lrkak uQ,dY%hla ke;s tlhs" ta;a fï msróvh ks¾udKh lr,d ;sfhk khs,a ksïkh lshkafka N+.; cd, ud¾. fndfyduhla me;sÍ we;s m%foaYhla' .Sid f.dvk.,d ;sfhkafka fujeks c, ud¾. jeäu tl;=jla we;s ia:dkhg yßhgu by,ska' .Sid ys msróv khs,a ksïkfha yqKq.,a ;Ügqj u;ska by,g u;= fj,d ;sfhkafka" Bg háka msysgd we;s fndfyda c, ud¾. j,ska mSvkh u.ska fï ;=, we;s fkdfhla k, ud¾. Tiafia ch l|la by,g ;,a¨ lrkjd' fufia wê mSvkfhka .uka lrk c,hg my, ia:rfha we;s ,jK ñY% fjkjd' fï ,jK fõ.fhka .uka lroa§ ta weiqfrka whkSlrKh ù we;s m%Odk l=¨k ;=, úoHq;h ckkh fjkjd' fï wdldrhg ksmofjk úÿ,sh y÷kajkafka ldhsl-úoHq;h lsh,' fïlg ldhsl-úoHq;h lshkafka p,kh jk ,jK u.ska úÿ,s ckkh lsÍu i;aj YÍr j, isÿ flfrk l%uhgu fuys§;a ksmoùu ksihs' ^úÿ,s wd|d .ek is;kak&
fï l%uhg ksmofjk úÿ,sh msróvfha >¾Nh ;=, we;s we;s úYd, úlsrKYS,S l¿ .,a l=Üá ;=, .nvd fjkjd' .Sid msróvfha jHqyh i,ld ne¨ju ,jK p,kh u.ska ckkh jk ldhsl úÿ,sh úlsrKYS,s l¿.,a ;=, .nvd fj,d úoHq;a pqïNl Y%djhla f,iska ;uhs msróvfha by, uÜgu olajd /f.k tkafka' w;S;fha§ iqmsß ikakdhl iaMálhla msróvh uqÿfka ;sfnkakg we;s nj ;uhs úYajdi flfrkafka' fï jk úg th úkdY ù ;snqk;a" wjg mdIdK j, úÿ,s úi¾ck ,l=Kq ;sîu fuhg m%n, idlaIshla'
18 jk ishjfia uyd fud< lre ksfld,d fgia,d úiska fuu keiS .sh ;dlaIKh jgyd f.k 1900È fgia,d l=¨k f.dv ke.=jd' 1901 isg 1917 olajd Tyq úiskau ks¾udKh lrk ,o zfjdavkala,hs*sZ l=¨k u; ;snQ fuu ks¾udKh u.ska jir 4000lg by;§ .Sid ys msróvh ie§ug Bðma;= bxðfkarejka uQ,sl ;dlaIKh uekúka m%;s ks¾udKh lr ;snqKd' fgia,d l=¨k i|yd;a fhdod f.k ;snqfKa ,jK Odrd p,s;huhs" b;ska Tyqf.a uq, O¾uh;a msróvfha W;amdok uq,O¾uh;a i¾j iuhs' .Sid ys msróvh;a" fgia,df.a uyd¾> zfjdavkala,hs*sZ l=¨k;a iDK wdfrdams; whk úfudapkh u.ska úYd, ÿrlg /yeka rys;j úÿ,sh heùug yels ks¾udK folla' tu.ska lsisÿ .eg¨jlska f;drj iod;ksl n,hla fkdñ,fhau ckkh lr .kakg wjia:dj ie,iS ;snqKd'
flfia fj;;a w¨;au .fõIKhkag wkqj fuu ixlS¾K ±kqug ysñlï ls tlu YsIagdpdrh Bðma;=j muKla fkfjhs'
,ÕÈ lrmq mßlaIKhlska ;yjqre ù ;sfnkafka iajdydúl ìfida fldgqjla jeks wx.hla ol=Kq weußldfõ bkald YsIagdpdrhg wh;a zÑfpka bÜidZ msróvh ;=, wka;¾.; jk njhs' th ta wdY%s;j we;s iajNdúl ú,a ;gdl iy .=yd j,g iïnkaê; nj i|yka' fï ms<sn| úfYaI{hkaf.a u;h tu.skq;a fõ.fhka lrlefjk c, m%jdyhla we;s lr f.k .Sid ys jf.au fõ.fhka p,kh jk ,jK mdúÉÑ lr,d úoHq;h ckkh lr .kak l%uhla mj;skakg we;s lshd is;kakg yels njhs'
fï uyd¾> ks¾udK ;=k u fï jk úg l%shd;aul fkdfjk ksid jf.au tajdfha ;dlaIKh je<,S hdu ksid wog;a wms úYd, uqo,la jeh lr úÿ,sh ksmojkjd' wmsg fndfyda l,lg fmr isá ñksiaiq wmsg jvd ;dlaIKh w;ska fldhs ;rï ÈhqKq fj,d ysáho lsh, ±ka ys;d .kak mq¿jka fkao@
Source | EWAO
Source | EWAO
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