A brown cloud over Asia

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wdishdkq l,dmh jid,k w÷re ¥ú,s j,dl=<la

wiSu; jdhq ¥IKh fya;= fldg f.k wdishdj jid .ksñka mj;sk w÷re j,dl=<la .ek mdßißl jd¾;djla bÈßm;a lrñka f,dalhd ta .ek oekqj;a lf<a o tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh hs' wdishdfõ uyd ÿUqre j,dl=, hkqfjka o th y÷kajd § we;'

th iE§ we;af;a w¿" ¥ú,s" wï," fukau jdhq úiska ksl=;a lrkakd jQ wm o%jHj,sks' ta ksid fuh iajdNdúl j,dl=¿ fuka c, jdIamj,ska iefokakla fkdfõ' tys yeisßu o fjkiah' ta wkqj iQ¾hdf,dalh mD:súhg meñ”u wjysr lsÍug;a" th mdj hkafka id.r l,dmhla yryd kï id.rhg ysre t<sh m;s; ùfuka je<elaùug;a fï oejeka; j,dl=<g mq¿jkalula we;ehs y÷kdf.k ;sfí'

ÿUqre j,djla ta wdldrfhka ks¾udKh fjñka mj;sk njg uq,skau f;dr;=re t<s lrkafka úoHd{hka fkdfõ' .=jka kshuqjka h' ta .ek lreKq fidhd ne,Sug úoHd{hka bka miqj Wkkaÿ jQ w;r uq,ska u th fyd¢ka oel n,d .;af;a pkao%sld PdhdrEm j,sks' ;j o ta jk úg;a ysud,h weiqf¾ th fyd¢ka oel .ekSug mq¿jka jQ nj;a fï úoHd{hska mjid ;sfí' fï wkqj ishhg 10 la 15 la w;r m%udKhlska wdishdfõ ol=Kq iy ke‍fÛkysr l,dmj,g ysre t<sh m;s; fkdùula n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yels njg o úoHd{fhda fmkajd ÿkay' tmuKla fkdj mlsia:dkh" bkaÈhdj" we*a.ksia:dkh iy ngysr Ökh wdY%s; m%foaY i|yd jeis ,eîu ishhg 20 isg 40 olajd wvq úh yels njg o lreKq fmkajd § ;sfí'

fï j,dl=< ls' ó' 3 la olajd >klñka jeä úh yels njg;a" i;shla ;=< § wvqu ;rñka f,dalh jgd w¾O jghla ;rï ÿrla .uka lsÍug Bg we;s yelshdj .ek;a m¾fhaIKh fufyh jQ úoHd{ lKavdhu fuys § ;jÿrg;a lreKq fy<s lrhs'

uyd ÿUqre j,dj fï wdldrfhka me;sfrñka ks¾udKh ùu ;=< wdishdkq l,dmhg fyd¢ka ysre t<sh ,eîu hk foaY.=Ksl ;;a;ajh fï ksid wjysr ùu fkdje<elaúh yels lreKla fõ' tys m%;sM,hla wdishdjg jvd;a jeä YS; foaY.=Khla ,eîug we;s yelshdj .ek o wod< úoHd jd¾;djkays igyka ù ;sfí' tys B<`. m%;sM,h hqfrdamfha oekg mj;sk YS; ld,.=Kh l%ufhka WIaK l,dmSh ;;a;ajhla we;s lsÍu h" hkak o ta w;r we;s ;j;a fmkajd §uls' ta;a iuÛu id.r Èhje,a WKqiqï ùu;a" whsia l÷ Èhùu wl,ays isÿùu;a ;=< n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk wdldrfha mdßißl fjkialï iuQyhla W;amdokh ùu je<elaúh fkdyels jkq we;'

úfYaIfhkau ke‍f.kysr iy ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< jeis wju fjñka WIaKdêl ld, jljdkq jeäùu o n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh hq;= h hkqfjka o m¾fhaIK lKavdhu Bg wod<j fmkajd § ;sfí' ksoiqkla f,i 1999 iy 2000 hk j¾Ij, jhUÈ. bkaÈhdfõ;a" mlsia:dkfha;a we;sjQ kshx ld, uyd ÿUqre j,dl=f<a n,mEu fmkajd ÿka wjia:djla f,iska m¾fhaIK lKavdhu y÷kdf.k we;' ;j o nx.a,dfoaYh" fkamd,h wdY%s;j we;sfjñka mj;sk wêl j¾Idm;kh hg lS wmsßiqÿ j,dl=< úiska l,dmfha foaY.=K ;;a;ajhg isÿ lrkakd jQ n,mEu uekeúka fmkajd fokakla fõ'

fuh ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lrñka wdishdkq l,dmfha mßir ¥IKh fya;= fldg f.k f,dal uÜgñka isÿ úh yels foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi .ek kdid wdh;kh úiska lrkakg fhÿKq kj;u wOHhkhla .ek ,kavkays fâ,s fï,a m%ldYkh úiska miq.sh Èkl fmkajd § ;snqKs' ta wkqj Ökh iy wksl=;a wdishd;sl rgj,a isÿ lrkakd jQ jdhq ¥IKh fya;= fldgf.k W;=re wefußldkq l,dmfha ld,.=Ksl rgdj nrm;< wdldrhlska fjkia fjñka mj;skafka hehs Tõyq mji;s' úfYaIfhkau jvd;a jeä l=Kdgq iys; ;;a;aj fï ksid we;súh yels nj o fmkajd § ;sfí' fï jk úg;a id.r wdY%s;j tjeks ;o l=Kdgq iys; ld,.=Ksl ;;a;ajhla ks¾udKh fjñka mj;sk nj o Tjqyq idlaIs iys;j fmkajd fo;s'

bkq;a meis*sla id.rh .ek úfYaI;ajhlska lreKq bÈßm;a lrk ta m¾fhaIK lKavdhu ta ksidu hg lS foaY.=K iy ld,.=K úm¾hdih f,dalfha fjk;a rgj,g n,mEï lrkq we;ehs o fmkajd § ;sfí' m¾fhaIK lKavdhfï m%Odkshd jYfhka lghq;= lrkafka JET PROPULSION ridhkd.drfha hQ wdka jeka.a h' wdishdkq l,dmfha jdhq ¥IKh W;=re wefußldkq ld,.=K rgdj;a" bkslaì;s f,dj fiiq rgj,g;a n,mEula lrkafka h hk m%ldYh uq,a wjia:dfõ§ Tjqka ;=< we;s lf<a ielhls' ta ;=< wjqiaik iq¿ njla we;ehs o Tjqyq lSy' tjeks jdhq ¥IKhla isÿ jkafka kï tys m%;sM,h >k j,dl=,la úh yels h hkak Tjqkaf.a fmkajd §u hs' tfia ks¾udKh jk j,dl=<la by<g weÈ hñka h<s mD:súhg n,mEï lrkq we;af;a m;kh ùula f,iska h hkak;a Tjqkaf.a fmkajd §uls' flfia fj;;a wod< jdhq ¥IKh fya;=fldg f.k meis*sla id.rfha l=Kdgqj fõ.j;a fjñka we;ehs hk ;¾lh fuys § Tjqka uq¿ukskau neyer fldg ke;;a" th óg jir 30 lg muK fmr ld,hl isgu ishhg 10 l ;rï m%udKd;aul w.hlska Yla;su;aj ;snqfKa hehs fmkajd § ;sfí'

flfia fj;;a fï wOHhkh National Academy of Science hk wOHhkh fï jkúg;a m%ldYhg m;a fldg we;s w;r tys m<uq wOHhkh 1850 - 2000 w;r ld, jljdkqj ;=< isÿj we;s jdhq ¥IK ;;a;aj .ek iei£ula isÿ lrhs' udkj l%shdldrlï fya;= fldg f.k wdishdfjka meñfKkjd h lshk ¥Is; wxYqkays ix>gkfhka meis*sla l=Kdgqj f,dj fjk;a rgj,a lrd n,mj;ajkafka o hkak;a fuys § fidhd n,d we;'

t;ek§ fï m¾fhaIK lKavdhu foaY.=K úm¾hdi iïnkaOfhka wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdkh úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrkakg fhÿKq zúfudapkhZ kï ixisoaêhg wod< o;a; ie,ls,a,g Ndckh lrhs' ta" wjia:d folla hgf;a h' bka m<uq wjia:dj jkafka 1850 j¾Ihg wh;a tkï mq¾j ld¾ñl hq.h ms<sn|j l< mÍlaIKhhs' fojk wjia:dj jkafka jir 2000 ld,h mokï lr.;a j¾;udk jljdkqj .ek isÿ fldg we;s yeoEÍu hs'

wOHhkfhka ,nd.;a m%;sM, mj;akd foaY.=Ksl w¾nqoh kï ixisoaêh iuÛ iei£ula isÿ fldg ;sfí' tfia lghq;= lsÍfuka miq m¾fhaIK lKavdhu fidhd .;af;a udkj l%shdldrlï fya;= fldgf.k jdhq ia:rhg we;=¿jk wd.ka;=l o%jH úiska j,dl=,la jeks ;;a;ajhla ks¾udKh lrkq ,eìh yels nj hs' tfuka u meis*sla l=Kdgq m:fha uOH wlaIdxY iSudj ;=< l=Kdgq ks¾udKh ùfï ;;a;ajhla by; lS miqìï ;=< we;sùfï bvlvla o mj;sk njhs' ta nj m¾fhaIK lKavdhu úiska ksÍlaIKh lrkq ,en we;' tfia .;a l, uq,ska lS foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùu tkï wdishdkq l,dmfha jdhq ¥IKh fya;= fldg f.k meis*sla id.r iSudj ;=< l=Kdgq yg .ekSfï m%jK;djh ms<sn|j hï wdldrhl ;yjqre lsÍula by; lS ksÍlaIKhka úiska isÿ fldg ;sfí'

;j o fõ.j;a ixj¾OkSh .ukl fh§ isák wdishdkq wd¾:slfha ta .uka fõ.h ;=<§ mdßißl jYfhka isÿjk wlghq;=lï .ek wdmiq yeÍ ne,Sula isÿ fkdfõ' ta wkqj ks¾udKh fjñka mj;sk meis*sla l,dmSh l=Kdgq iys; ;;a;ajh ksid ;jÿrg;a f.da,Sh jYfhka jdhq ixirKfha hy meje;au wju w.hla lrd my; jefgñka we;s h hkak jgyd .ekSu wiSre ke;'

Tjqkaf.a .fõIK f;dr;=rej, l=Kdgqj, iajNdjh .ek o y÷kd .ekSula ;sfí' ta wkqj b;d .eUqßka WmÈk fï l=Kdgq Yla;su;a h' fõ.j;a yeisßula iys; h'

zzfï wOHhkh úiska f.da,Sh uÜgfuka we;s lrk ,oafoa m¾hdf,dalhla jeks ;;a;ajhla fõ' wm úYajdi lrkjd f,dal uÜgfuka by; ;;a;ajh .ek isÿ lrkakg fhÿKq m<uq m¾fhaIK w;aoelSu o fuhhs'ZZ Bg ;jÿrg;a woyia tl;= lrñka m¾fhaIK lKavdhu fmkajd fokafka fï jk úg;a udkj l%shdldrlï úiska jdhq f.da,hg fndfyda tl;= lsÍï isÿ lrkq ,nk njhs' wka ish,a, mfilska ;enqj;a" §¾> ld,hla ;=< wdishdj yd meis*sla l,dmh Tiafia isÿ jk .ukd.ukfhka jdhq f.da,hg tl;= ùï isÿ ù we;s wdldrh pkao%sld PdhdrEm úiska uekeúka fmkajd fokq ,nhs' ta;a iuÛu fï l=Kdgq m:h ;=< .ukd.ukfha ta tl;= lsßï fya;= fldg f.k Wmojd we;s YS;,h iy WKqiqu mdßißl jYfhka oreKq ixisoaêhla hehs m¾fhaIK lKavdhu fmkajd § ;sfí'

fï YS;,h iy WKqiqu l%shdldß mdßißl ixisoaêhls' ta wkqj fï oajkaoh w;r isÿjk yqjudre l%shdj,sh úiska wr lS l=Kdgq m:h mq¿,a lsßula isÿ flf¾' fuhska meyeÈ,s jkafka wo jk úg isÿ fjñka mj;sk wdishdkq l,dmfha jdhq ¥IK msgdrh ^muK blaujd jdhq f.da,h ¥IKh lsÍu& meis*sla l=Kdgq m:h ;jÿrg;a mq¿,a lsÍula olajd f.k hñka ;sfnk njhs' ta wkqj wdishdkq l,dmfha isg jdhqf.da,hg tl;= fjk ¥IL wxYq f.da,Sh foaY.=K rgdj fjkia lsßug meyeÈ,s n,mEula t,a, lrñka mj;sk nj meyeÈ,s hehs mjik fï m¾fhaIK lKavdhu ;ukaf.a m¾fhaIKfha ks.uk ta ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lrkafka h hkqfjka o fmkajd fohs'

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