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Y%S mdo wvúfha ryis.; ìul .=ma; we;a fidfydkla
Y%S mdo wvúh f.!;u Y%S iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S mdo moauh msysgd we;sjd fiau .=ma; wìryiaj,ska ieÕù .sh ia:dkhls' tys ks;sm;d w¨;a hula isÿfjhs' wm úiska olajd isákafka tjeks wNsryila ms<snojhs'
1940 g wdikak ld,fha Y%S mdo wvúhg by<ska mshdir lrñka ;snQ .=jkahdkhla ld¾ñl fodaIhla ksid lvd jeáKs' hdkfha .uka l< ;sfofkla wk;=f¾§ ñh .shy' wk;=ßka lïmkhg m;aj isá kshuqjd meh lsysmhlg miq hdkfhka ìug nei .k jkdka;rh ueÈka ñksia mq¿gla fidhd .uka lrkakg úh' lïmkh yd ;o msmdih Tyq ÿre lr .;af;a bÿKq m,;=re lEfuka yd ks;r .,d.sh iS;, mú;% we< fod<j,ska c,h mdkh lsÍfuks' wruqKla ke;sj wiSrefjka weúo hk Tyqg tla ;eks;,d ìul wlalr .Kkdjla úyso .sh w,s weglgq" we;ao;a úisr .sh N+ñhla olakg ,eìKs' ta jgd ;snqfKa irejg .yfld< jeã .sh .k jkdka;rhhs' jkdka;rh fl<jr ;eks;,d iu N+ñh me;sr ;sìKs' ta wi, .,dhk c, myrla o úh'
;eks;,dj mqrd úisr ;snQ wegiels,s" Èrd.sh wegiels,s yd we;ao< wkqj th we;=kaf.a iqidkhla nj Tyqf.a is;g wjfndaO úh' Tyq fndfyda fõ,d th ksÍlaIKh lf<ah'
Èk .Kkdjla bnd.df;a le,Efõ weúo .sh Tyqg ckdjdihg hd yels jQfha ;j;a Èk .Kkdjlg miq b;d fjfyilr È.= ÿrla mhska weú§fuks' .ïuqkaf.ka lEuîu" m%;sldr" w;aWoõ ,eî iqjm;a jQ Tyq miqj ;u w;a±lSï .eñhkag yd mqj;am;lg lshd isáh;a wdmiq tu we;a fidfydk fidhd hEug wjia:djla ,enqfKa ke;' ta N+ñh msysá ia:dkhg hk .uka ud¾.ho isf;a wjq,a ;;a;ajh ksid uÕyeÍ f.dia ;sìKs' ld,h iuÕ Tyq ÿgq w;a±lSu hgm;a ù .sfhah' Y%S mdo wvúfha w,s we;=kag iSud jQ .=ma; iqidk N+ñhla we;s nj;a úhm;aj urK bj ±fkk w,s we;=ka ta iqidk N+ñh lrd meñK weo jeà ñh hk nj;a Y%S mdo wvúh wjg me/Ks .eñ l;d yd ckl;dj, lshefjhs' ta wkqj th we;=kag iSud jQ ryilau úh'
Y%S mdo wvúh w;s mQckSh mú;% .=ma; N+ñhls' iuka foú÷kaf.a jdykho we<s wef;ls' jkdka;r irejg jeã jk úkdYhla fkd;snqKq tl, ,xldj mqrd úisr isá fyda ueorg yd ta wjg me;sr isá oyia .Kka we;=kag Ôj;aùu" w,suxlv ms<sn| .eg¨ u;=jQfha ke;' .k jkdka;rh ueo wjYH ;rï wdydr we;sj ksfrda.S we;a;= §¾>dhqI úkaody' jkhg ydks" .yfld< lemSï" w,suxlv weysÍï isÿjQfha ke;' ta ksid iqjfia Ôj;aj wdhqI ksudù f.k tk njg bj jefgk úg ;ukaf.a mrmqf¾ fidfydka ìu fj; ;ksj meñKSu fyda /f<a w;a Wojqlrejka iuÕ meñKSu isÿúh' ta fidfydka ìu wjgo wdrlaIdj" wdydr" c,h m%udKj;aj ;snQ neúka b;sß ld,h Ôj;aùu ms<sn| .eg¨ u;=jQfha ke;'
wjqreÿ oyia .Kkla Y%S mdo wvúfha ;snQ tu .=ma; we;a fidfydk Wkaf.a mrmqrgu iSud jQ ryila úh' ta ld,j, Y%S mdo l÷jeáh o ta wjg ish¨ mßjdr jkdka;ro w,s we;=kaf.ka .yk úh' tfukau Y%S mdo wvúhg hdj msysá isxyrdc f;;a jkdka;rh wjg ish¨ mßjdr jkdka;r wjg w,s we;=kaf.ka msÍ mej;sKs' wE; isg meñKs ixl%uKsl w,ska yd rxpqj,ska bj;a jQ yd bj;a l< ;ks w,so fï iSudfõ ksoyfia Ôj;a jQy' ta ksid we;a fidfydk Ôjudk i;H h:d¾:hla úh'
w;S;fha fjila mif<diajlg miq wjdrfha Y%S md fkdhEug jkaokdlrejka fm,UqfKao ñksia mq¿gla ke;s wjdrh" yria w;g jysk ;o jeys" tl È.g Èk .Kkla w,a,d isák j¾Idj" weÕls,sfmd<k ±ä iS;," ;o óÿu" fyK msmsÍï" wl=Kq iuÕ ? oj,a Èk .Kka j¾Idj mej;Su" j¾Idjg Y%S mdohg hk mäfma<s" uxudj;a hg lrf.k wä .Kkla Wig fndr j;=r l|la wjdrhg tl;= ùu isÿjQ neúks' wjdrh iuÕ Y%S mdo wvúh wE; isák w,s we;=kaf.ao ks±,af,a hk tk .ejfik N+ñhla úh' tfy;a fï ;;a;ajh fjkia jQfha flfiao@ we;a fidfydk úkdYj .sfha flfia±hs wms ±k.; hq;=h'
bx.%SiSka Wvrg w,a,d .;a miq 1835 muK Wvrg mqrd fldams j.dj me;sfrkakg úh' ì%;dkHfha isg fldams jeùug j.dlrefjda ,xldjg meñK wlalrhla is,sï fol jeks b;d iq¿ uqo,lg ñ,§ .;ay' 1848 uqvqìï mk; hgf;a ;udg kS;Hkql+, Tmamqjlska fmkaúh fkdyels ish¨ bvï uqvqìï mk;ska rdcika;l úh' Wv/áfhda Wvrg ler,sj,ska miq ireidr .ï w;ayer jvd;a wdrlaIdldÍ l÷ m%md; lrd f.dia Ôj;aùug jQy' fï iuÕ hqfrdamfhka meñKs j.dlrefjda rcfhka l=Kq fld,af,g .;a bvïj, ol=Kq bka§h lïlrejka f.kajd le,E t<sfldg fldams j;= wdrïN l<y' iuld,Sk iudch jgd ,shejqKq ,;s;a; fldams, jeks bx.%Sis kjl;dj,ska fï fYdalckl l;dkaorh fukau j;=lrejka uqyqK mE .eg¨ újrKh fjhs'
isxy,hka w;ayer .sh me/Ks Wvrg .ïudk - uqvqìï mk; hgf;a mjrd.;a .eñhkaf.a bvï yd rcfha le,E t<sfldg fldams j.dj wdrïN úh' ta iuÕ le,E úkdYh" foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùï" we<fod<" Èh we,s is£hEu" w,s we;=ka j| ù hEu isÿúh' isxyrdch" Y%S mdoh jgd me;sr ;snQ mßjdr le,E fukau fï mQckSh wdrlaIs; le,Eìï úYd, fldgilao fldams j.dj i|yd t<sfmfy<s úh' ks±,af,a le,Ej, yeisreKq w,s we;=ka ovhu j;=lrejkaf.a tla úfkdaodxYhla úh' úfkdaoh i|yd w,ska ish .Kka - oyia .Kka urd ±óu isÿúh' fï iuÕ ks±,af,a .ejiqKq w,s mrmqr j| ù hEu wdrïN úh' yegka" Y%S mdo wvúh" isxyrdch" idñuf,a jeks ta l÷ mduq, Ôj;a jQ w,s we;a;= fukau .jhkao j;=lrejkaf.a ;=jlal=j,g ì,s jQy' fï ksid we;a fidfydk l%ufhka md¿ùu wdrïN úh'
iqoaoka wdo¾Yhg .;a foaYSh Okm;sfhdao fldams j.dj wdrïN l<y' 1875 muK fldams j.dj ì|jegqKq miq iskafldakd" f;a" rn¾" fmd,a" fldafldajd" .ïñßia" Wvrg foaYSh j.dj me;sr .sfhah' iqÿ cd;slhka w;r jvd;a me;sr .sfha f;a j.djhs' b;sßj ;snQ le,E k.r iSudjka l÷uqÿka olajdu le,E t<sfldg f;a j.dj me;sr .sfhah' ta iuÕ b;sßj isá w,s .ykho l%ufhka wvqjkakg úh'
we;a.d,a lrùu" úlsKSu i|yd uÿ .id fyda we;a.d,a uÕska le,E w,ska w,a,d .ekSu isÿúh' uvl<mqj wjg úiQ ,uÜg, hkqfjka y÷kajk uqia,sï ck fldgi uÿ .id w,ska we,a,Sug m%lg úh' w,ska w,a,d rg heùu bx.%SiSkaf.a tla wdodhï ud¾.hla úh' w,a,d .;a w,ska yS,E lsÍfï§ isÿjk ;=jd,j,ska fndfyda fokd ñh .shy' mkduqf¾ we;a.d,g miq we;a.d,a lrùu w;aysgqúKs' fï ksid 1850 miq Y%S mdoh wjg ;snQ .=ma; we;a iqidk N+ñhg we§ tk w,s m%udKh fnfyúka wvqùug úh' 1850 miq l%ufhka jkdka;r m%udKh wvq jQ w;r ck.ykh jeäùu isÿúh' mßjdr jkdka;rj,ska w,s we;=ka j|ùu wdrïN úh' .ï hdj ;snQ jkdka;r .ïuqka úiska nf,ka w,a,d .kq ,eîfuka yd .ï mq¿,a lsÍï hgf;a ckmo bvï f,i .eñhka w;r fnod§fuka le,E bvï ;j;a wvqúh' ovhïlrefjda w;ska ;j ;j;a w,s we;a;= urKhg m;ajQy' Y%S mdohg we§ tk msßia yegka ÿïßh mdr wdrïN ùfuka fo.=K f;.=K jQy' 1940 jk úg;a Y%S mdoh wjg .=ma; ia:dkhl msysá Y%S mdofha we;a fidfydk wNdjhg .sh nj lSu idOdrKh'
wo jk úg Y%S mdo wvúfha b;sßj we;af;a oy;=ka fokl=f.ka muK hq;a l=re w,s rxpqjls' Y%S mdo jkaokd ld,hg tu i;a;= ñksia mq¿gla fkd±fkk Y%S mdo iSudfõ wE; fl<jrj, ieß ir;s' bkaÿkSishdkq .=jka wk;=r isÿjQ ima; lkHd fyj;a fyn¾gka l÷ wvúfha ,laImdk Èhwe,a, wdY%s;j fï l=re w,s rxpqj wjdrhg .ejfik nj ÿgqjka m%ldY lrhs'
isxyrdcfha b;sßj we;af;a tlu /<l we;=ka ;sfofkls' tlu /< ;=< Wkaf.a megjqka we;s fkdfjhs' fï wkqj w;S;fha isg 1900 muK jk;=re Y%S mdo wvúfha ryis.; ìul .=ma; we;a fidfydkla ;snQ nj ms<s.ekSu ksje/Èh'
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