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ks,a Èh m;=f,a ie`.jqKq ft;sydisl lvfodr úydrh
ixj¾Okh kdufhka jekiQ wfma Wreufha j.;=.
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha meje;s jdmS YsIagdpdrh f,dal b;sydifha iaj¾Kuh wjia:djla hehs úYsIag b;sydi{hl= jQ wdfkda,aâ fca' fgdhskaì úiska ,shk ,o zf,dal b;sydihZ ^History of the World& kue;s lD;sfhys i|yka h' th b;d ksje/È m%ldYhla nj w;S; jdmS YsIagdpdrh ye¢kaùu msKsi Ndú; lefrk jejhs" od.enhs kue;s wdo¾Y mdGh ú.%y l< úg meyeÈ,s jk lreKls' jej u`.ska ie,iqï iy.; ù f.dú;ek;a" od .en u.ska wOHd;añl ixj¾Okh;a ixfla;j;a lefrk tu wdo¾Y mdGh wkqj w;S; jdmS YsIagdpdrh hkq yqÿ wd¾:sl l%shdj,shla muKla fkd fõ' kQ;k jHjydrh wkqj mjikafka kï" th ;sridr ixj¾Okh ms<sn| ixfla;hls'
tu wk.s jdmS YsIagdpdrhg isÿ jQfha l=ula o@ w;S; jdmS YsIagdpdrhg w;a jQ brK u fld;auf,a c,dYfha c, uÜgu my; neiSu ksid h<s u;= ù fmkqKq lvfodr mkaif,a nqÿ ms<su jykafia wmg fmkajd § ;sfí' miq.sh wjqreoafoa udi lsysmhla meje;s ksh`.h ksid h<s u;= jQ fï nqÿ ms<su jykafia 1986 jif¾ isg fld;auf,a c,dYhg hg ù ;sìK' h<s u;= ù fmkqKq lvfodr mkaif,a tu nqÿ ms<su jykafia PdhdrEmhg k.d miq .sh Èkj, mqj;am;aj, m< ler ;sfnKq ÿgq fjuq'
lvfodr lkao yd ;siamfka lkao mduq, ;snQ .ï mkia y;la fld;auf,a c,dYhg hgúh' tys § c,hg hg jQ mkai,a .Kk mkia y;rls' thska wfmalaIs; m%Odk wd¾:sl m%;s,dNh fu.dfjdÜ foish tll úÿ,s n, Odß;djla bmsoùu hs'
fld;auf,a m%foaYfha b;sydih ms<sn| j isxy, úYajfldaIfhys i|yka lreKq fj; wms wjOdkh fhduq lruq'
kùk ud¾. we;sùug fmr fld;auf,a .ukd.ukhg ÿIalr m%foaYhla j mej;=Ks' tfyhska fiiq m%foaY jdiSka f.a weiqr fuys jeishkag ,enqfKa w,am jYfhks' fufyhska b;d me/Ks isxy, pdß;% jdß;% .;s mej;=ï iy NdId jHjydr fuys mej;=Ks' oekg kï fld;au,h isxy,hkag jvd j;= lïlre o%úv ckhd mÈxÑ m%foaYhls'
mqyq,amsáfha rc uy úydrh" ÈUq, úydrh" fodrejdfoKsfha rxisud,ldrduh" lafIa;%drduh" ms%hìïndrduh" iqNo%drduh" rdc.sßf,k úydrh wd§ fm!rdKsl úydr fndfyda .Kkla fld;auf,a we;af;a h' fuhska mqyq,amsáfha úydr NQñh Y%S uyd fndaê olaIsK YdLdfjka yg.;a foisia M,rey fndaëka jykafia,df.ka tla fndaêhla frdamKh lrk ,o isoaOia:dkhls' t muKla fkd j u,shfoaj ry;ka jykafia oUÈúka jevujk ,o oUrka ms<suhla o jvd ys÷jd ;sfnk ia:dkhla yeáhg o fuh ie,efla' .euqKq l=ure isá ia:dkh isys ùu msKsi .,a ;,djla u; f.dvke.+ ffp;Hhla o fuys we;' ÈUq, úydrh l%s'j' 1237 mufKa § lrjQjla nj tys ;sî yuq jQ ,smshlska fy<s fõ'
úisjk ishjfia ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾. wkqj c,hg hg jQfha t n÷ NQñ m%foaYhls' th jejhs" od.enhs kue;s úYsIag ixl,amhg fl ;rï ÿria oehs ksh`.h ksid fyda isysm;a ùu fyd| h' tfy;a" c,dY bÈ lsÍu jeks ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%u rgg wjYH ke;ehs fyda nqoaO m%;sud jkaokdj fn!oaO lu wdrlaId lsÍfï tlu ud¾.h hehs lSug wm woyia fkd l< nj o lsj hq;= h' fuys § jvd jeo.a jkafka ixj¾Okh ms<sn| kùk wdl,amfha we;s wiïmQ¾K nj y÷kd .ekSu h'
fld;auf,a c,dYh .ek l;d lsÍfï § tla;rd w;S; isoaêhla o fuys f.kyer oelaùu uekjehs is;=fjuq'
bkaÈhdfõ uÿrd mqrfha ;snQ wdldrfha w,xldr c,dYhla fixlv., kqjr ;ekSug woyia l< Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcqg ta i|yd kd: foajd,h k.r iSudfjka bj;a lsÍug wjYH úh' tys .=Kd.=K úuiSug fld;auf,a nrK .Ks;hd le|jkq ,eî h' Èh kd msßiqÿ ù kd: foajd,h fj; meñKs nrK .Ks;hd" fodf<dia mehla foúhka bÈßfha Ndjkd lf<a h' tys § wdfõY jQ Tyq fonre ?kla wyi w÷re lrñka mshUd tkq ÿgq nj mejefia' tfy;a ta ms<sn| j rcqg lsisjla fkd lS Tyq foajd,fhka ksy~j msg j f.dia we;' t fia jQj o nrK .Ks;hdg lsis Èfkl ish ksji fj; meñKSug fkd yels ù hehs úYajdihla mj;S'
ckm%jdofha tk fï l;d mqj;ska wm wjfndaO ler .; hq;af;a l=ulao@ Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcqg n,h ;snQ muKska wd.ñl isoaOia:dk jeks mdrïmßl Wreuhka ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu ;u is;e`.s wkqj fkd l< nj h'
lvfodr mkaif,a nqÿ ms<su jykafia c,fhka jeiS .sh whqßka wm f.a w;S; Wreuh ixj¾Okfha kdufhka hgm;a l< hq;= ke;'
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