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wl=Kq wk;=re ñksiqkaf.a mdmhka ksido @
w;S;fha ñksiqka w;r jq úYajdihg wkqj wl=Kla lshkafka foúhka fldam ù fmd<jg úis lrk .sks fnda,hla' ;j;a úfgl fïjd ilaj, hdkdjka úÈyg;a ys;=jd' wdldifha isg tk flfy,a uqjhl yevh we;s hlvhla njgo úYajdi l<d' wm%sldfõ ñksiqka is;=fõ foúhkajykafia ñksiqkaf.a je/È jev oel fldam ù fmd<jg tjk .skaorla úÈyghs' fï ksid reêrh f.k tajd wyi foig úis lrñka foúhkag hd{d lr;s' .%Sl mqrdjD;a;hkag wkqj wl=Kla lshkafka foúhkaf.a wdhqOhhs' wl=Klska isÿ fjk wk;=r fï úÈyg fmkakqï l<;a úoHd;aulj wl=Kl idudkH úoHq;a Odrdj weïmsh¾ 25"000 la muK fõ'wl=K uq,skau f,dalhg y÷kajd ÿkafka 18 jk Y;j¾Ih ueo Nd.fha§ fnkacñka m%Ekala,ska úiska' j,dl=<la úoahq;a wdfrdamKhlg ,laùu ksid wl=Kq we;s fjk nj fnkacñkaf.a woyi jqKd'
j,dl=<l ;,hla jeks fldgila §ma;su;a fjñka we;s fjk wl=K ;, wl=Kq ^Sheet lighting& kñka y÷kajkjd'
wyfia isg mD:súhg úysfok È.= ud¾.hla we;s wl=Kq frdlÜ wl=Kq ^Rocket lighting& kñkao" j,dl=¿ iy mD:súh w;r we;s fjk wl=Kq iq<f`.a fõ.fhka úia;dmkh ùu ksid fmfkk me;e,s ^ßnka& wdldrfha iajNdjh ^Ribbion lighting& kñka y÷kajkjd' j,dl=¿ w;r we;s fjk len,sj,g lefvk iajNdjfha wl=Kq mn¿ ^Bead lighting& kñka y÷kajkjd' .s.sreula fkdue;sj j,dl=< wdf,dalu;a fjñka we;s fjk wl=K ^Heat lighting& kñka y÷kajk w;r fuhska .s.sreï Yíohla kef.kafka ke;' jdhqf.da,fha tyd fuyd Èfjk f.da,dldr yeve;s j¾Kj;a wdf,dal Odrdj ^Ball lighting& kñka y÷kajkjd'ks,a meyefhka ksl=;a fjk fla;=jl yevh we;s wdf,dalOdrdj ^Blue jet lighting& í¨ fcÜ wl=K kñka y÷kajkjd'
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| Sheet lighting |
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| Rocket lighting |
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| Ribbion lighting |
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| Bead lighting |
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| Heat lighting |
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| Ball lighting |
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| Blue jet lighting |
lsf,daóg¾ .Kkdjla wE; úysfok r;= meyefha msmsreu y÷kajkafka r;= foaj;djd hk kñkqhs' wl=Kq iu. we;s fjk m%n, úoahq;a Odrdj ksid wl=K .uka lrk ud¾.fha jdhq j¾Kj;a fjkjd'fmd<jg m;s; jQ úg úúO ÈYdjkag me;sß,d wk;=re we;s lrkq ,nkjd'
wl=Kq .sksfnda,
wl=Kq we;s fjk fj,djg u;= fjk úYd, §ma;su;a wdf,dalh foaj;dt<s úÈyg tfyu ke;akï msgilaj, hdkdjka úÈyg ye¢skajqj;a oeka Ök m¾fhaIlhka úiska ta mss<sn|j wOHhkhka isÿlrkq ,enqjd' Ökfha laúkayhsys wl=Kq l=Kdgqjla isÿ fjk wjia:djl tys úlsßKYS,s;djh is;shï.; lrkq ,enqjd'
wl=Kla fmd<jg m;s; jQ úg fï .sks fnda,h óg¾ 15 la muK wyiska f.dia w;=reoka fjkjd' fuh o¾Ykh fjkafka ;;amr follg;a wvq ld,hla' Ökfha ,Ekafidays fkda;afjiag¾ka fkdau,a úYaj úoHd,fha m¾fhaIlhka úiska leurdjg yiq lr .;a;d' ksõihkaáiaÜ ^New Scientist& i`.rdj i|yka lrk wkaoug fidnd oyfï fï wmqre ixisoaêh yiq lr .;a m%:u wjia:dj fuh njhs' Tjqka ÿgq ÿgq .sksfnda,h óg¾ myla muK úYd, jqK w;r th meje;=fKa ;;amr follg;a wvq ld,hla'
1936 jif¾ n%s;dkHfha fâ,s fï,a mqj;am;g wmqre ,smssshla ,enqKd' tys fï úÈyg ;snqKd'
wfma f.org úYd, r;= meye;s .sks fnda,hla lvd jegqKd' wyiska jegqK fï .sks fnda,fhka ÿrl:k úkdY jqKd ú;rla fkfjhs" cfka,;a .sks .;a;d' wka;sug fuu .sks fnda,h f.or j;=r fíiug jeá, ksjqKd''''
1960 oYlh fjk f;lau fïs fnda,h .ek úoHd{hka úYajdi fkdl<;a oeka ms<sf.k ;sfnk wkaoug fuu ixisoaêh ridhksl m%;sl%shdjla ksid we;sfjk ridhksl m%;s§ma; l%shdj,shl m%;sM,hla'
;j;a woyilg wkqj wl=Kla fmd<jg jeÿK úg mfiys we;s ldnka ksid fjka fjk Tlaiscka is,sflaÜ tys wka;¾.; is,slka mrudkq u.ska iq;%sld mqxchla njg m;a fjkjd'jd;fha mdfjk fïjd Tlaiscka iu. m%;sl%shd lrñka wdf,dalhla ksl=;a lrk w;r m%;sl%shdj wjidk ùu;a iu.u fuh ksù hkjd' m¾fhaIlhka fmkajd fok wkaoug mfiys wka;¾ is,slka" hlv iy le,aishï fï .sks fnda,fha oel .ekSug mq¿jka'
wl=Kq wk;=re .ek ;ju;a wfma ñ:Hdjka ms<sn|j fjkialï ÿre lsÍu wmyiqhs' 207 jif¾ f,dalfha mqÿu y; w;ßka tlla f,i kï l< ßfhda o cefkdhsfrda fldakafldafõfâ l÷ uqÿk; ;sfnk wä 125 la Wi l%sia;= .e<jqï lrejdKkaf.a m%;sudjg wl=Kq jeÿKd' fï wl=Kq je§u 2008 jir 2013 fjk úg ;=ka j;djlau isÿ jqKd'2014 jif¾ ckjdß 16 jeks Èk isÿ jqK wl=Kq wk;=frka m%;sudfõ we`.s,s folla ydkshg m;a jqKd' 2008 fmnrjdß udifha iy 2013 jif¾ foieïn¾ udifha;a fï úÈygu wl=Kq wk;=re ksid m%;sudjg ydks isÿ jqkd' ñksiqka úúO woyia bÈßm;a l<d'ñksidf.a mdmldÍ l%shdjka ksid foúhka fldamhg m;aj isák nj lshkak .;a;d' kuq;a n%is,fha jdhqf.da,Sh wOHhkh ms<sn| úoHd{ wdpd¾h Tiaud¾ mskaf;da i|yka lrk wkaoug kd.ÍlrKh ksid isÿj ;sfnk jdhq ¥IKh ksid fuu wl=Kq wk;=re isÿùï we;s fjk njhs'
1899 jif¾ b;d,sfha gfrkafgda m%foaYfha mqoa.,fhla ;ukaf.a f.ñÿf,aÈ wl=Kqierhla je§ urKhg m;a jqKd' wjqreÿ ;syla f.jqK úg Tyqf.a mq;a ta ia:dkfhaÈu wl=Kq ierfhka urKhg m;a jqK w;r 1949 jif¾ ;j;a mrïmrd mqrella jq Tyqf.a uqkqmqrd;a ta úÈyg ta ia:dkfhaÈ wl=Kl f.dÿrla jqKd'
j¾ðkshd m%dka;fha jkðú kshdulfhla y÷kajkq ,enqfõ wl=Kq ikakdhlh lsh,hs' frdhs,a laf,aõ,kaâ y;a j;djlau wl=Kq jeo Ôú;h fírd .;a;d' 1942 uq,au wl=fKaÈ Tyqf.a mdofha kshfmd;a;la .e<jqK w;r 1969 wl=Kq jeo weysneu .e<ù .shd' 1970 jif¾È Wrysi ms<siaiqk w;r 1972 jif¾ wl=Kq m%ydrfhka ysiflia ms<siais .shd' 1973 wf.daia;= 7 jeks Èk j,dl=<lg my<ska .uka.;a wl=K f;dmamsh yryd ysig jeo ysiflia ms<siaiS .shd' fï fõ,dfõ jdykh mojñka isá frdhs,a ysig isis,a ìu y,d f.k ysi isis,a lr .;a;d' 1976 cqks yh jeks Èk m%ydrfhka j<¨lr wdndOhlg ,la jqK w;r 1977 cqks 25 jeks Èk u;aiH ovhfï isáh§ wl=Kq jeo mmqj iy Worh ms<siaiS .shd'
Èjhsk weiqßks
wl=Kq .sksfnda,
wl=Kq we;s fjk fj,djg u;= fjk úYd, §ma;su;a wdf,dalh foaj;dt<s úÈyg tfyu ke;akï msgilaj, hdkdjka úÈyg ye¢skajqj;a oeka Ök m¾fhaIlhka úiska ta mss<sn|j wOHhkhka isÿlrkq ,enqjd' Ökfha laúkayhsys wl=Kq l=Kdgqjla isÿ fjk wjia:djl tys úlsßKYS,s;djh is;shï.; lrkq ,enqjd'
wl=Kla fmd<jg m;s; jQ úg fï .sks fnda,h óg¾ 15 la muK wyiska f.dia w;=reoka fjkjd' fuh o¾Ykh fjkafka ;;amr follg;a wvq ld,hla' Ökfha ,Ekafidays fkda;afjiag¾ka fkdau,a úYaj úoHd,fha m¾fhaIlhka úiska leurdjg yiq lr .;a;d' ksõihkaáiaÜ ^New Scientist& i`.rdj i|yka lrk wkaoug fidnd oyfï fï wmqre ixisoaêh yiq lr .;a m%:u wjia:dj fuh njhs' Tjqka ÿgq ÿgq .sksfnda,h óg¾ myla muK úYd, jqK w;r th meje;=fKa ;;amr follg;a wvq ld,hla'
1936 jif¾ n%s;dkHfha fâ,s fï,a mqj;am;g wmqre ,smssshla ,enqKd' tys fï úÈyg ;snqKd'
wfma f.org úYd, r;= meye;s .sks fnda,hla lvd jegqKd' wyiska jegqK fï .sks fnda,fhka ÿrl:k úkdY jqKd ú;rla fkfjhs" cfka,;a .sks .;a;d' wka;sug fuu .sks fnda,h f.or j;=r fíiug jeá, ksjqKd''''
1960 oYlh fjk f;lau fïs fnda,h .ek úoHd{hka úYajdi fkdl<;a oeka ms<sf.k ;sfnk wkaoug fuu ixisoaêh ridhksl m%;sl%shdjla ksid we;sfjk ridhksl m%;s§ma; l%shdj,shl m%;sM,hla'
;j;a woyilg wkqj wl=Kla fmd<jg jeÿK úg mfiys we;s ldnka ksid fjka fjk Tlaiscka is,sflaÜ tys wka;¾.; is,slka mrudkq u.ska iq;%sld mqxchla njg m;a fjkjd'jd;fha mdfjk fïjd Tlaiscka iu. m%;sl%shd lrñka wdf,dalhla ksl=;a lrk w;r m%;sl%shdj wjidk ùu;a iu.u fuh ksù hkjd' m¾fhaIlhka fmkajd fok wkaoug mfiys wka;¾ is,slka" hlv iy le,aishï fï .sks fnda,fha oel .ekSug mq¿jka'
wl=Kq wk;=re .ek ;ju;a wfma ñ:Hdjka ms<sn|j fjkialï ÿre lsÍu wmyiqhs' 207 jif¾ f,dalfha mqÿu y; w;ßka tlla f,i kï l< ßfhda o cefkdhsfrda fldakafldafõfâ l÷ uqÿk; ;sfnk wä 125 la Wi l%sia;= .e<jqï lrejdKkaf.a m%;sudjg wl=Kq jeÿKd' fï wl=Kq je§u 2008 jir 2013 fjk úg ;=ka j;djlau isÿ jqKd'2014 jif¾ ckjdß 16 jeks Èk isÿ jqK wl=Kq wk;=frka m%;sudfõ we`.s,s folla ydkshg m;a jqKd' 2008 fmnrjdß udifha iy 2013 jif¾ foieïn¾ udifha;a fï úÈygu wl=Kq wk;=re ksid m%;sudjg ydks isÿ jqkd' ñksiqka úúO woyia bÈßm;a l<d'ñksidf.a mdmldÍ l%shdjka ksid foúhka fldamhg m;aj isák nj lshkak .;a;d' kuq;a n%is,fha jdhqf.da,Sh wOHhkh ms<sn| úoHd{ wdpd¾h Tiaud¾ mskaf;da i|yka lrk wkaoug kd.ÍlrKh ksid isÿj ;sfnk jdhq ¥IKh ksid fuu wl=Kq wk;=re isÿùï we;s fjk njhs'
1899 jif¾ b;d,sfha gfrkafgda m%foaYfha mqoa.,fhla ;ukaf.a f.ñÿf,aÈ wl=Kqierhla je§ urKhg m;a jqKd' wjqreÿ ;syla f.jqK úg Tyqf.a mq;a ta ia:dkfhaÈu wl=Kq ierfhka urKhg m;a jqK w;r 1949 jif¾ ;j;a mrïmrd mqrella jq Tyqf.a uqkqmqrd;a ta úÈyg ta ia:dkfhaÈ wl=Kl f.dÿrla jqKd'
j¾ðkshd m%dka;fha jkðú kshdulfhla y÷kajkq ,enqfõ wl=Kq ikakdhlh lsh,hs' frdhs,a laf,aõ,kaâ y;a j;djlau wl=Kq jeo Ôú;h fírd .;a;d' 1942 uq,au wl=fKaÈ Tyqf.a mdofha kshfmd;a;la .e<jqK w;r 1969 wl=Kq jeo weysneu .e<ù .shd' 1970 jif¾È Wrysi ms<siaiqk w;r 1972 jif¾ wl=Kq m%ydrfhka ysiflia ms<siais .shd' 1973 wf.daia;= 7 jeks Èk j,dl=<lg my<ska .uka.;a wl=K f;dmamsh yryd ysig jeo ysiflia ms<siaiS .shd' fï fõ,dfõ jdykh mojñka isá frdhs,a ysig isis,a ìu y,d f.k ysi isis,a lr .;a;d' 1976 cqks yh jeks Èk m%ydrfhka j<¨lr wdndOhlg ,la jqK w;r 1977 cqks 25 jeks Èk u;aiH ovhfï isáh§ wl=Kq jeo mmqj iy Worh ms<siaiS .shd'
Èjhsk weiqßks
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