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u<jqkaf.ka mKsúv ,enqKq ldka;djla
wm" wm .ek okakd ;rug jvd iqúYd, n,hla wm i;= nj" tÙ.d flais lshd we;' tla;rd fldaKhlska n,k l," ñksid lshkafka iSñ; .%yKhla ;sfnk i;aj fldÜGdihls' weia fmkSu" lka weiSu" .| iqj| oekSu wdÈh mjd ñksiqkag oefkk iSudjka we;' idudkH .%yK iSudj miqlr hd yels m%n, wúhla ñksid i;=j we;;a" th Ndú;hg .ekSug ;rï ;ju;a ñksid ÈhqKqù ke;' flfia fj;;a" ta .%yK iSudfjka tmsg mj;sk mq¿,a i;Hh oek .kakg yels tlu C%uh tu m%n, wúh jk uki ÈhqKq lsÍuhs' ukiska jev .ekSu bf.k .ekSug kï oeka ñksiaiq ;rula Wkkaÿh' wo ñksid olajk ta Wkkaÿj" oekqj;aj fyda fkdoekqj;aj ukiska jev.ekSug fhduqjQ we;a;kaf.a ls%hdldß;ajfhys m%;sM,hls'
1857 ueipqfiÜia ys Wm; ,o ,shfkdard mhsm¾" u,jqka yd ikaksfõokh l< ldka;djls' 19 jeks ishjfia w.Nd.fha iy 20 jeks ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha§ weh weußldfõ m%isoaO pß;hla jQjdh'
jhi wjq/qÿ 8la ;rï l=vd ld,fha§" Èkla l=vd ,shfkdard f.j;af;a fi,a,ï lrñka Wkakdh' tlajru ol=Kq lKg lsishï lïmkhla oekS ;rula È.= fõ,djla mej;s Yíohla weisKs' ‘‘ia'''’’
bkamiq wef.a lkg fufia fld÷rkq wefikakg úh'
‘‘idrd kekaod''''''ueß,d keye''''';ju Thd tlalhs'''’’
l=vd oeßh uy;a ìhg m;a jQjdh' oeßhf.a uj" tu isoaêh jQ Èkh iy fj,dj fyd¢ka u;lfha ;nd .;a;dh' Èk lSmhlg miq" is; lSß.iajk mqj;la wikakg ,eìKs' idrd kekaod we;a;gu tu isoaêh jQ Èkfha" tu fj,dfõ ñhf.dia isáhdh' ,shfkdardf.a Ôú;fha wuq;= mßÉfþohla fmrf<kakg mgka .;af;a t;eka isghs' weh iuyr rd;%Skaj,§ ;udg §ma;su;a wdf,dalhla o" kd÷kk uqyqKq o fmfkk njg meñKs,s l<dh' ;j;a iuyr Èkj,g wef.a we|" meyeÈ,s l< yels fya;=jla ke;sj meoafok nj;a meñKs,s úh'
;shqKq kqjKla ;snQ ,shfkda¾f.a uj" ;u oeßh lsishï widudkH Wreuhla ,en isák nj jgydf.k isá kuqÿ" idudkH <ud úhla .; lsÍfï whs;sh wehg wdrlaId lr ÿkakdh' isÿjQ foaj,a Tjqka w;r ryia jYfhka mej;sKs' 1881§" tkï jhi 22§ ,shfkda¾ ;reKsh fndiagka ys ú,shï mhsm¾ uy;d iu. újdy jQjdh' bka flá l,lg miqj weh ffjoH f–'wd¾ fldlaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd.kakg fm<UqKdh' f–'wd¾' fldla hkq" fudayk Ñls;ailfhls' ffjoHjrfhls'
jhi wjq/qÿ 8la ;rï l=vd ld,fha§" Èkla l=vd ,shfkdard f.j;af;a fi,a,ï lrñka Wkakdh' tlajru ol=Kq lKg lsishï lïmkhla oekS ;rula È.= fõ,djla mej;s Yíohla weisKs' ‘‘ia'''’’
bkamiq wef.a lkg fufia fld÷rkq wefikakg úh'
‘‘idrd kekaod''''''ueß,d keye''''';ju Thd tlalhs'''’’
l=vd oeßh uy;a ìhg m;a jQjdh' oeßhf.a uj" tu isoaêh jQ Èkh iy fj,dj fyd¢ka u;lfha ;nd .;a;dh' Èk lSmhlg miq" is; lSß.iajk mqj;la wikakg ,eìKs' idrd kekaod we;a;gu tu isoaêh jQ Èkfha" tu fj,dfõ ñhf.dia isáhdh' ,shfkdardf.a Ôú;fha wuq;= mßÉfþohla fmrf<kakg mgka .;af;a t;eka isghs' weh iuyr rd;%Skaj,§ ;udg §ma;su;a wdf,dalhla o" kd÷kk uqyqKq o fmfkk njg meñKs,s l<dh' ;j;a iuyr Èkj,g wef.a we|" meyeÈ,s l< yels fya;=jla ke;sj meoafok nj;a meñKs,s úh'
;shqKq kqjKla ;snQ ,shfkda¾f.a uj" ;u oeßh lsishï widudkH Wreuhla ,en isák nj jgydf.k isá kuqÿ" idudkH <ud úhla .; lsÍfï whs;sh wehg wdrlaId lr ÿkakdh' isÿjQ foaj,a Tjqka w;r ryia jYfhka mej;sKs' 1881§" tkï jhi 22§ ,shfkda¾ ;reKsh fndiagka ys ú,shï mhsm¾ uy;d iu. újdy jQjdh' bka flá l,lg miqj weh ffjoH f–'wd¾ fldlaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd.kakg fm<UqKdh' f–'wd¾' fldla hkq" fudayk Ñls;ailfhls' ffjoHjrfhls'
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| uydpd¾h ú,shï f–ïia |
miqj uydpd¾h ú,shï f–ïiao weh uqK.eiSug .sh w;r u<jqka iu. ikaksfõokh lsÍug wE i;= yelshdj .ek uy;a úiauhg m;a úh'
1890 jif¾§ Tyq fufia ,shd ;enqfõh'
‘‘mhsm¾ uy;añh .ek ud okakd ish,a, ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuka miq" ta ish,af,ys m%;sM,h kï" mshú isysfhka isáh§ mqoa.,fhl= .ek wid ke;s foaj,a" kso%dfõ§ weh okakd njh' wef.a kso%djkays .eíj ;sfnk od¾Yksl nj o ;jÿrg;a fidhd.; hq;=h'’’
‘‘o jeßàia T*a ß,scia tlaiamSßhkaia’’ lD;sh rpkd lf<a uydpd¾h ú,shï f–ïiah' ;u kekaoksh iy kEkd úiska mhsm¾ uy;añh .ek l< j¾Kkd ksidh Tyq mhsm¾ uy;añh yuqfjkakg meñKsfha' mhsm¾ uy;añhg ÿr {d;Skaf.a uq,a ku iy wjidk ku lshkakg yelshdjla ;sfnk nj uydpd¾h ú,shï f–ïiaf.a kekaoksh wid ;snqKdh' miqj f–ïiaf.a kEkd" b;d,s niska ,shejqKd jQ wehg ,enqKq ,smshla o /f.k mhsm¾ uy;añh yuqfjkakg .shdh' tu ,smsh wehg hejQ ;eke;a;d ljqrekaoehs oek isáfha uq¿ uy;a weußld tlai;a ckmofhkau mqoa.,hska fofofkl= muKls' tfy;a tu ,smsh ;u k<f,ys ;nd.;a mhsm¾ uy;añh tys we;=<;a foaj,a .ek lshdf.k hkakg jQjdh' t;ekska fkdkej;S th ,shQ ;eke;a;df.a ndysr iajremho úia;r iys;j lSjdh' fuh" idudkHh ;;a;ajfhka isáh§ fkd;sfnk oekqula kso%djg m;ajQ úg mhsm¾ uy;añhg ,efnk nj ikd: flfrk tla wjia:djla muKls'
ú,shï f–ïia" u<jqka iu. yuqùï mj;ajk l=áhg we;=¿ jQfha ;u ienE wkkH;dj mjd iÛjd .ksñks' tfy;a fldf;la mÍlaIdldÍ jqj;a Tyq tu l=áfhka msg;g meñKsfha uy;a ;s.eiaulg ,la jQ wfhl= mßoafoks' ukao Tyq weiQ ish¨u .eg¨j,g ksjerÈ ms<s;=re weh ,nd§ ;snQ neúks' f–ïia kej;o weh uqK.eiSug .sfhah' u<.sh wd;au .ek t;rï Wkkaÿjla fkdoelajqj;a" lsishï widudkH' C%uhlska mhsm¾ uy;añh f;dr;=re ,nd.kakd nj Tyq úYajdi lf<ah'
ysh¾fjda¾Ù leßka.agka o mhsm¾ uy;añh iu. m¾fhaIK isÿl< wfhls' tys§" jrla kso%djg jegqKq miq wjg isÿjQ lsisjlska wehg n,mEula we;s fkdùh' u| fõ,djlg miq wef.a ol=Kq w; msg;g úys§" wiqkaf.k isákafkl= úiska wehg ÿka mekai, w,a,d.kakd ,§' fï wjia:dfõ§ iajhxC%sh f,aLkh isÿjQ w;r u<jqka le|jk ljhg NQ;hka iu. ikaksfõokh lsÍu meyeÈ,sju m%o¾Ykh úh'
uydpd¾h f–ïia ysiaf,dma fuu w.kd ldka;dj ksÍlaIKh lsÍug leue;a;la oelaùh' Tyq ta i|yd le|jQfha ta jk úg;a mhsm¾ uy;añh iu. m¾fhaIKj, ksr;j isá ßpÙ fydÊikah' ysiaf,dma hkq wêlj wdrlaIdùfï mshjr wkq.ukh l< wfhls' Tyq mhsm¾f.a ksfjig meñKsfha fyd¢ka wdjrKh jQ r:hlsks' tfukau Tyqf.a uqyqK iïmQ¾Kfhkau jeiS hk mßÈ l¿ fjiauqyqKla me<| isáfhah' mhsm¾ kso%djg jegqKq miq" wiqkla f.k weh msgqmiska ys|.kakehs fydÊika Tyqg ika lf<ah' tu l=áhg we;=¿ jQ fudfydf;a isg" ls%hdj,sh wjika jk ;=re;a" bkamiqj kej; f.dia meñKs r:hg k.sk ;=re;a ysiaf,dma tlÿ jpkhlaj;a l;d fkdlf<ah' mhsm¾ uy;añh kso%dfõ fkdisáhd kï" wehg msgqmiska ys| f.k isá ksyඬ ñksid ljqrekaoehs wkqudk lrkakg fkdyels jkq we;' fuu oeä wdrlaIl Wmdh ud¾. wkq.ukh lr ;sìh§;a" tu kso%dj ;=<§ lSm j;djlau uydpd¾h ysiaf,dmaf.a ku;a" Tyqf.a kEoEhska úYd, m%udKhlf.a kïo lSjdh' t;ek§ weiQ {d;Skaf.a kï ish,a, fidhd.ekSug ysiaf,dmaf.a .fï isá kEoEfhl=f.a Wojq ,nd.;a nj;a" ta ish,a, ksjerÈ nj;a" ta nj fidhd.ekSug udi yhla muK .;jQ nj;a lshefõ'
mhsm¾ uy;añh 1860 .Kkaj,§ ñh .sh ‘‘*skSke;fyd;a *skqhsÜ’’ hkqfjka ye¢kajQ m%xY ffjoHjrfhl= iu. ikaksfõokh l<dh' fmr§ ffjoH fldla iu. iïnkaOj isá *skS" t;eka mgka mhsm¾ uy;añh iu. jev lghq;= lf<ah' 1884 ) 1892 ld,j,§ u<jqka yd ikaksfõok lghq;=j, w;rueÈfhl= f,i lghq;= lf<a fuu ‘‘*skS’’ nj lshefõ'
1887§ kj w;rueÈfhl= m%úYag úh' Tjqka Tyq ye¢kajQfha ‘‘bïmf¾g¾’’ hkqfjks' fuh yqfola tla w;rueÈfhl= y÷kajkakg fkdj" lKavdhula ye¢kaùug fhdod.;a kuls' fuu kj wd.ukfhka miqj *skS w;=reoka jQ w;r fcda¾Ê fm,ayeï mjd ikaksfõokh lf<a l,d;=rlsks' fujka isoaê" u<jqka yd ikaksfõokh lrkafkl=g kqyqre kqmqreÿ tajd fkdfõ' flfiafj;;a" kj w;rueÈ bïmf¾g¾ ksid ikaksfõokh jvd iDcq yd M,odhl tlla úh' mhsm¾ uy;añh kso%d jg msúiSu yd bka bj;a ùu jvd;a iajdNdúl wdldrhg isÿfjkakg úh' kj w;rueÈ msßi iu.ska jev lsÍug mgka .ekSu;a iu. ish uj úiau iy.; wdOHd;añl WmfoaYlfhl= jQ nj mhsm¾ uy;añhf.a ÈhKsh we,agd mhsm¾ i|yka lr ;sfí'
bka flá l,lg miqj" lS¾;su;a m¾fhaIlfhl= iy wêudkisl úoHd{fhl= jQ ßpÙ fydÊikaf.a ñh.sh ñ;=rl= jQ fcda¾Ê fm,ayeï" mhsm¾ uy;añh iu. ikaksfõokh lf<ah' Tjqka ikaksfõokh lf<a iajhxlS%h f,aLkh ud¾.fhks'
‘‘mhsm¾ uy;añh úúO wd;auhka iu. ikaksfõokh l<dh' laf,daÍka hkqfjka ye¢kajQ bkaÈhdkq oeßh" fldufoda¾ jekavì,aÜ" f,dka.af*f,da" f,dfrÜ f*kaÉ,s" f–' finia;shka ndla iy ks<shl jQ isvkaia uy;añh bkamiq uqK.eiqKq whhs'
miq ld,hl wehg tu l¾;jHh i|yd jQ yelshdj .s,syS hkakg jQfha wef.a uj frda.S ù id;a;= wjYH ;;a;ajhlg m;a jQ neúks' 1924 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha§ wdpd¾h .dÙk¾ u¾*s mhsm¾ uy;añh iu. yuqùï .Kkdjla ixúOdkh lf<ah'
mhsm¾ uy;añhf.a yelshdjka jir 25lg;a jeä ld,hla ;siafia mÍlaIdjkg ,la flßKs' tao" tx.,ka;fha úiQ nqoaêu;a iy ;shqKq kqjKla iys; mqoa.,hska úisks' u<jqka yd ikaksfõokh lsÍu ksid tlai;a ckmofha o weh m%isoaO pß;hla úh' ,sùu;a" l;d lsÍu;a u.ska weh u<jqka iu. ikaksfõokh l<dh' ú,shï f–ïia muKla fkdj" ßpÙ fydÊika" T,sj¾ f,dÊ yd ffjoH f–ïia ysiaf,dma jeks W.;a úoaj;=ka mjd wehg iyh ÿka msßi w;r jQy'
iuyr úoHd{fhda mÍlaIK lf<a weh lsishï jxpdjla lrkafka hehs is;d" tu jxpdj w,a,d.ekSu msKsih' tfy;a lsisÿ jxpdjl ,l=Klaj;a fidhd.ekSug fkdyels jQ ;ek" weh ieneúkau u<jqka yd ikaksfõokh lrk nj Tjqyq m%ldY l<y'
weh ielhg md;% jQfha tla jrla muKls' 1901 Tlaf;dan¾ 20 jeksod ksõfhda¾la fyr,aÙ mqj;amf;a mhsm¾ uy;añhf.a m%ldYhla m< úh' th ie,l=fKa mdfmdÉpdrKhla f,ihs'
‘‘ud kso%dfõ isák úg u<.shjqkaf.a wd;au ud Tiafia ikaksfõokh lr ;sfnk nj ud úYajdi fkdlrñ' th tfia jQjd úh yelsh''''''' tfy;a ta nj ud m%ldY fkdlrñ'’’
wef.a m%ldYh mdfmdÉpdrKhl uqyqKqjrla .ekSu fya;=fjka ;;a;ajh krl w;g yeßKs'
‘‘ksõfhda¾la ghsïia mqj;amf;a i|yka wdldrhg" u<.sh we;a;kaf.a wd;au ud md,kh fkdlrk njg tjeks m%ldYhla fkdlf<ñ' wo ud ork u;h" óg jir 18lg fmr ud oerE u;hg jvd fjkia ke;' u<.sh we;a;kaf.a wd;au" md,kh l<d jkakgo mq¿jk' tfia fkdjkakgo mq¿jk' ud ta fkdokakd nj mdfmdÉpdrKh lrñ' ud fjkia ù o ke;'’’
tu m%ldYh ms<sn|j i,ld n,k l," tu ishjfia úiQ wfkl=;a wmQ¾j w;rueÈhka lsysmfokl= jk t,Ska .erÜ" tÙ.d flais" v.a,ia fcdkaika" .a,eäia Tiafndaka ,sfhdkdÙ" we,sia fí,s hk whf.a oelaug yd yeÛSïj,g iudk nj fmkS hhs' Tjqka ;=<g f;dr;=re meñfKkafka fldfya isgo hkak m%Yak lrk wka;su msßi Tjqka hehs lsisfjl=g is;kakg mq¿jk' tfy;a ta nj lshkakg Tjqka fkdoek isàuo uy;a mqÿuhls'
flfia jqj;a" fndfyda ld,hl isg fï ms<sn|j isÿfjk jdo újdoj, flakao%h o thuhs' fï f;dr;=re ,efnkafka NQ;d;au iu. ikaksfõokh lrk ksido@ ke;fyd;a u<.sh we;a;ka yd l;d lrkakg ys|.kakd ;eke;a;d iu. lrk fg,sm;s ke;fyd;a is;lska is;lg ikaksfõokh lsÍfï yelshdj ksido@
‘‘tkaihslaf,dmSähd T*a ihslsla ihkaia’’ kue;s lD;sfha kekafvda¾ mafrd fvda¾ fufia m%ldY lr we;'
‘‘mhsm¾ uy;añhf.a jev lghq;= m%udKd;aul ;rñka j¾Kkd lr wjika l< fkdyelsh' oYl lsysmhla mqrdjgu" fjk;a lsisÿ ikaksfõolfhl= ms<sn| fkdl< wkaoñka wef.a iqmsß n,hka b;du ishqï wkaoñka mÍlaIKhg ,la flßKs'''’’
;j;a mqfrda.dó m¾fhaIlhl= jQ yeÍ m%hsia Tyqf.a ‘‘*s*aá bh¾ia T*a *sisl,a ßi¾É’’ ys fufia i|yka lr we;'
‘‘wm mÍlaIKj,g ,la l< fYa%Iagu w;rueÈhd weh jkakg mq¿jk' mhsm¾ uy;añhf.a id¾:l;ajhg fya;=j kï" kso%dfõ§ weh ikaksfõokh lrk wdldrfha ;sfnk l=¿m. yd fm!oa.,sl iajNdjh jkakg mq¿jk'’’
1950 cQks 3 jeksod" ^jhi 93 §& ,shfkdard mhsm¾ ñh .shdh' weh iu. m¾fhaIK meje;ajQ mqoa.,hska" ú,shï f–ïia weh .ek lshQ m%ldYhg tlÛ jQ nj lsjyelsh'
‘‘oeka" fu;ek'''wê iajdNdúl oekqula mj;sk nj ug iy;sl l< yelsh' tu oekqu iïNjh jkafka fld;ekskao hkak wfma fN!;sl ixfõokhkg .%yKh fkdfõ''''’’
,xld§m weiqßks
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